Migraine is a neurological disease that causes a variety of symptoms, most notably a throbbing, pulsing headache on one side of the head. The pain can be severe and can last for hours to days, and it may get worse with physical activity, lights, sounds, or smells. Migraine attacks can be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and changes in smell, taste, or touch. In about a third of people living with migraine, aura might occur before or even during a migraine attack. Aura is a group of sensory, motor, and speech symptoms that usually act like warning signals that a migraine headache is about to begin. Commonly misinterpreted as a seizure or stroke, it typically happens before the headache pain, but can sometimes appear during or even after. An aura can last from 10 to 60 minutes. The exact cause of migraine headaches is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to changes in the brain and to genetics. There are multiple triggers that may lead to a migraine attack, including hormonal changes, stress, weather changes, sleep deprivation, and certain foods and drinks. Migraine is a lifelong condition, but symptoms occur mostly between teenage years and about age 60. Treatment for migraines includes medications that can help block pain signals and inflammation in the body, such as acetaminophen, opiates, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and triptans. Lifestyle changes that reduce or prevent migraine attacks in some individuals include exercising, avoiding food and beverages that trigger headaches, eating regularly scheduled meals with adequate hydration, stopping certain medications, and establishing a consistent sleep schedule[[3]](https://www.ninds.nih.g...