Mitigation refers to the process of reducing the severity, danger, or harmful effects of something. It can refer to measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of hazards that remain in potential, or to manage harmful incidents that have already occurred. In the context of climate change, mitigation refers to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Mitigation measures can include engineering techniques, hazard-resistant construction, improved environmental and social policies, public awareness, and reducing sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

In the legal context, mitigation refers to the principle that a party who has suffered loss has to take reasonable action to minimize the amount of the loss suffered. Mitigating factors may also cause a crime to be considered less serious or provide a reason to make a punishment less severe.

Overall, mitigation involves taking action to reduce the negative impact of a situation or event, whether it be a natural disaster, climate change, or a legal issue.