Mononucleosis, commonly called "mono" or the "kissing disease," is a contagious viral infection most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It primarily affects teenagers and young adults but can occur at any age.

Causes

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the main cause.
• Occasionally, other viruses like cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause mono.
• The infection spreads mainly through saliva, which is why it’s nicknamed the kissing disease.
• It can also spread through sharing utensils, drinks, or through coughs and sneezes.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually develop 4 to 6 weeks after exposure and can last for a few weeks to months. Common signs include:

• Extreme fatigue
• Fever
• Sore throat with swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
• Headaches and body aches
• Rash
• Enlarged liver or spleen (less common)

Diagnosis

• Based on symptoms and physical examination (checking swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, spleen).
• Confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies or abnormal white blood cells.

Treatment

• There is no specific cure; treatment focuses on symptom relief.
• Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain and fever medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen are recommended.
• Avoid antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin unless there is a bacterial infection, as they may cause rash in mono patients.
• Avoid heavy exercise or contact sports to prevent spleen injury if swollen.

Mono usually resolves on its own after a few weeks, but some people may feel fatigued for months. In summary, mono is a viral infection causing fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and fatigue, mainly spread through saliva and common among teens and young adults. It resolves with rest and supportive care.