Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers called myelin. This myelin sheath normally helps nerve signals travel quickly and efficiently. When it is damaged, nerve communication is disrupted, leading to a variety of physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric symptoms. MS can cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, vision problems (like double vision or vision loss), numbness, coordination issues, and problems with sensation. The disease can follow different courses: some people experience symptoms in episodes or attacks followed by recovery periods (relapsing forms), while others have symptoms that progressively worsen over time (progressive forms). There is no known cure for MS yet, but treatments are available to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and slow the progression of the disease. MS affects about 2.8 million people worldwide, typically starting between ages 20 and 50, and is more common in women than men. The exact cause of MS is unclear, but it is believed to involve immune system dysregulation, genetics, and environmental factors. Damage involves immune cells attacking myelin and nerve cells, leading to scar tissue or lesions in the brain and spinal cord. These lesions can be detected by MRI scans. Overall, MS is a complex neurological condition that leads to varied symptoms based on where the nerve damage occurs and how extensive it is.