Network slicing is a network architecture that enables the multiplexing of virtualized and independent logical networks on the same physical network infrastructure. It is a method of creating multiple unique logical and virtualized networks over a common multi-domain infrastructure. Network slicing overlays multiple virtual networks on top of a shared network domain, which is a set of shared network and computing resources. Each network slice is an isolated end-to-end network tailored to fulfill specific requirements, such as higher speeds, low latency, access to edge computing resources, or isolation of traffic for specific users or device classes. Network slicing enables the network operator to maximize the use of network resources and service flexibility.

Network slicing is used most often in discussion of 5G technology because it allows a mobile operator to create specific virtual networks that cater to particular clients and use cases. Certain applications, such as mobile broadband, machine-to-machine communications, or smart cars, will benefit from leveraging different aspects of 5G technology. Network slicing can also enhance service continuity via improved roaming across networks, by creating a virtual network running on physical infrastructure that spans multiple local or national networks.

The architecture of network slicing can be considered as composed of different elements, such as the control plane, data plane, and infrastructure layer. Network slicing SDN (software-defined network) is an essential ingredient of the architecture used to manage traffic flows through the application program interfaces (APIs) of a central control plane. NFV (network function virtualization) is another prerequisite for slicing. The 3GPP has recognized network slicing to be an essential overall component of 5G.

Automation is needed to effectively implement network slicing at scale because designing, fulfilling, and assuring hundreds or thousands of network slices end to end across Radio Access Network (RAN), transport, and 5G Core domain is too complex to be accomplished by manual means. Automation is also needed to meet customer demands for rapid slice-based service activation, including on-demand services, which cannot be accomplished using legacy operational processes and manual intervention.