Neurodiversity is a term that describes the diversity of all people, but it is often used in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as other neurological or developmental conditions such as ADHD or learning disabilities. The neurodiversity movement emerged during the 1990s, aiming to increase acceptance and inclusion of all people while embracing neurological differences. The idea behind neurodiversity is that people experience and interact with the world around them in many different ways, and there is no one "right" way of thinking, learning, and behaving. Neurodiversity is a proposed framework that argues there is intrinsic diversity in human brain function and cognition, and that certain things currently classified as mental disorders are differences and disabilities but are not necessarily.

Being neurodivergent means having a brain that works differently from the average or “neurotypical” person. This may be differences in social preferences, ways of learning, ways of communicating, and/or ways of perceiving the environment. Neurodivergent people have different strengths and struggles from people whose brains work in a more typical way. The term "neurotypical" is used to describe anyone who has a typical neurotype and fits into the norm of thinking patterns. Thus, neurotypicals are anyone who is not autistic, diagnosed with ADHD, dyslexia, anxiety, or any other condition that would be considered neurodivergent.

The neurodiversity movement aims to promote equality and inclusion of "neurological minorities". Recognizing neurodiverse people as having differences, rather than deficits, is broadly useful in helping kids fulfill their potential and thrive. It is important for all of us to foster an environment that is conducive to understanding and embracing neurodiversity in communities, schools, healthcare settings, and workplaces to improve inclusivity for all people.