Next-generation sequencing (NGS), also known as massively parallel sequencing, is a DNA sequencing technology that offers ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed. It is a high-throughput approach to DNA sequencing that uses the concept of massively parallel processing. NGS technologies emerged between 1993 and 1998 and have been commercially available since 2005. These technologies use miniaturized and parallelized platforms for sequencing of 1 million to 43 billion short reads (50 to 400 bases each) per instrument run. NGS generates masses of DNA sequencing data, and is both less expensive and less time-consuming than traditional Sanger sequencing. Illumina sequencing systems, for example, can deliver data output ranging from 300 kilobases up to multiple terabases in a single run, depending on instrument type and configuration.

NGS enables scientists to analyze the entire human genome in a single sequencing experiment, or sequence thousands to tens of thousands of genomes in one year. It provides the ideal throughput per run, and studies can be performed quickly and cost-effectively. NGS-based RNA-Seq is a powerful method that enables researchers to break through the inefficiency and expense of legacy technologies such as microarrays. NGS provides the ability to detect variants at lower allele frequencies than with Sanger sequencing, and its speed, throughput, and accuracy have revolutionized genetic analysis and enabled new applications in genomic and clinical research.

In summary, NGS is a DNA sequencing technology that uses massively parallel processing to generate large amounts of DNA sequencing data in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. It has revolutionized genetic analysis and enabled new applications in genomic and clinical research.