A non-primitive data structure is a type of data structure that can hold multiple values of different data types within one entity. Non-primitive data structures are created by the programmer with the help of primitive data structures. They are further classified into two parts: linear and non-linear data structures. Examples of non-primitive data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. Linear data structures hold sequential values, while non-linear data structures hold random values. Non-primitive data structures are also referred to as composite data types or reference data types. In contrast, primitive data structures are the basic building blocks of any programming language and can store only one type of data. Examples of primitive data structures include integers, floats, characters, and boolean values.