Organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from living materials that fix and store carbon and deliver it as a source of energy to the soil. Organic matter is essential for soil productivity, and it plays a crucial role in decreasing soil erosion.

Here are some key points about organic matter:

• Organic matter in soil derives from plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• Organic matter is divided into three types, depending on the time it takes for the organic matter to fully decompose: active, slow, and passive.
• Humus is the stable form of organic matter where the decomposition has already been completed and there is no longer any microbiological activity.
• Organic matter serves as a source of nutrition to living organisms and helps store water in the soil.
• Organic matter regulates the soil pH, temperature, and aeration.
• Organic matter is the single most important soil property that reduces pesticide leaching.
• Accumulated organic matter is a storehouse of plant nutrients.

In summary, organic matter is a crucial component of soil that comes from living materials and plays a vital role in soil productivity, erosion control, and nutrient cycling.