Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. Bones become weak and may break from a fall or minor bumps. Osteoporosis is a "silent" disease because it typically does not have symptoms, and people may not even know they have the disease until they break a bone. The following are some of the causes and risk factors of osteoporosis:

Causes:

• Aging: As people age, bones become less dense and weaker, making them more susceptible to osteoporosis.
• Hormonal changes: Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men, especially after menopause when estrogen levels decrease.
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as autoimmune disorders, digestive and gastrointestinal disorders, and endocrine disorders can increase the likelihood of osteoporosis.
• Medications: Some medications such as glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, and certain cancer treatments can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

Risk factors:

• Family history: Having a family history of bone disease may increase the risk of osteoporosis.
• Low body weight: People who have a low body weight or small body frame are at higher risk of osteoporosis.
• Lack of exercise: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
• Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
• Diet: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

In summary, osteoporosis is caused by a combination of factors such as aging, hormonal changes, medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle choices.