Ovulation is a phase in the female menstrual cycle when a mature egg (ovum) is released from one of the ovaries. This typically occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, about 12 to 16 days before the next period, often near day 14 in a 28-day cycle, though timing can vary between individuals and cycles

. The process begins with hormonal signals from the brain: the hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH stimulates follicles in the ovary to mature, and a surge in LH triggers the release of the mature egg from the dominant follicle

. Once released, the egg travels down the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized by sperm. The egg remains viable for fertilization for about 12 to 24 hours after ovulation. If fertilization does not occur, the egg disintegrates, and the uterine lining is eventually shed during menstruation

. Ovulation is crucial for reproduction and is often tracked by those trying to conceive or avoid pregnancy. Signs of ovulation may include changes in cervical mucus, mild abdominal cramping, and a slight rise in basal body temperature

. In summary, ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary, marking the period of highest fertility in the menstrual cycle and enabling the possibility of pregnancy