Ozone depletion refers to the gradual thinning of Earths ozone layer caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. The ozone layer is a protective layer in the Earths atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, particularly harmful UVB-type rays. Exposure to UVB radiation is linked with increased risk of skin cancer and cataracts, as well as damage to plants and marine ecosystems. Ozone depletion occurs over both hemispheres of the Earth, but it is more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere (Antarctica) than in the Northern Hemisphere (Arctic) . The main causes of ozone depletion and the ozone hole are manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS) . These compounds are transported into the stratosphere by turbulent mixing after being emitted from the surface, mixing much faster than the molecules can settle. Once in the stratosphere, they are broken down by strong ultraviolet radiation, releasing chlorine or bromine atoms, which then deplete ozone. The depletion of the ozone layer by ODS will lead to higher UVB levels, which in turn will cause increased skin cancers and cataracts and potential damage to some marine organisms, plants, and plastics. However, a significant reduction in the consumption of ODS has been achieved globally since 1986, largely driven by the 1987 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Montreal Protocol. Through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is healing and should fully recover by about 2065.