A pavement or road surface is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. Pavements are crucial to countries that heavily depend on road transportation, such as the United States and Canada. The pavement is the part of the road that carries the traffic and has a set of layers or material placed over the natural ground (subgrade). There are two main types of road surfaces and pavement construction methods: rigid pavement (consisting of one layer) and flexible pavement (typically made up of multiple layers). Pavements are often made of materials such as asphalt or concrete, but they can also be constructed from artificial stone, flagstone, cobblestone, bricks, tiles, or even timber. The key functions of road pavement are to transmit the vehicle load from the base course to the sub-base to the underlying ground, provide a controlled friction level to the running vehicle, and provide a smooth and comfortable ride to the road users. An ideal pavement should meet several requirements, including sufficient thickness to distribute the wheel load stresses to a safe value on the sub-grade soil, structurally strong to withstand all types of stresses imposed upon it, adequate coefficient of friction to prevent skidding of vehicles, smooth surface to provide comfort to road users even at high speed, produce least noise from moving vehicles, dustproof surface so that traffic safety is not impaired by reducing visibility, impervious surface so that sub-grade soil is well protected, and long design life with low maintenance cost.