PCOS stands for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is a hormonal condition that affects women of childbearing age. It is caused by an imbalance of reproductive hormones, which creates problems in the ovaries. Women with PCOS may not ovulate, and have abnormal hormone levels. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but factors that might play a role include insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and genetics. The symptoms of PCOS vary, but a diagnosis is made when a woman has at least two of the following: irregular periods, having few menstrual periods or fewer than eight periods a year; many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the ovary, called cysts; and high levels of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in smaller amounts. Some of the common symptoms of PCOS include missed or irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and infertility. Treatment for PCOS depends on the symptoms and whether a woman wishes to become pregnant. Medications such as hormonal birth control, metformin, and fertility drugs can help manage the symptoms of PCOS. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as weight loss, regular exercise, and a healthy diet can also help manage the symptoms of PCOS.