Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, which are male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. This hormonal imbalance can cause a range of symptoms, including:

• Irregular menstrual periods
• Excess hair growth
• Acne
• Infertility
• Weight gain

Women with PCOS may also have many small cysts on their ovaries, which can cause problems with ovulation. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to be related to insulin resistance, which can cause the body to produce too much insulin and androgens.

Diagnosis of PCOS typically involves a physical exam, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and an ultrasound to look for cysts on the ovaries. Treatment for PCOS depends on the individuals symptoms and goals, but may include lifestyle changes such as weight loss, medications to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels, and fertility treatments for those trying to conceive. Women with PCOS are also at increased risk for other health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and uterine cancer.