Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a condition that affects the circulation of blood to body parts other than the heart and brain, caused by narrowing, blockage, or spasms in a blood vessel. The most common cause of PVD is peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is due to atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty material inside the arteries that gradually blocks, narrows, or weakens the artery walls. PVD may affect any blood vessel outside of the heart, including the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels, but the legs and feet are most commonly affected. The main symptoms of PVD include leg pain when walking, numbness, tingling, or coldness in the legs or feet, and sores or wounds on the legs or feet that heal slowly or not at all. The main goals for treatment of PVD are to control the symptoms and halt the progression of the disease to lower the risk for heart attack, stroke, and other complications. Treatment may include lifestyle changes to control risk factors, such as regular exercise, proper nutrition, and quitting smoking, aggressive treatment of existing conditions that may worsen PVD, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, and medications to improve blood flow, prevent blood clots, and relieve symptoms. In some cases, procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or vascular surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the affected area.