Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a perfluorinated carboxylic acid that is produced and used worldwide as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes and as a material feedstock. It is a type of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), which are a group of chemicals used to make products that resist heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. PFOA is used in several industrial applications, including carpeting, upholstery, apparel, floor wax, textiles, fire fighting foam, and sealants. It is also used as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers and as a building block for the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl-substituted compounds, polymers, and polymeric materials. PFOA is persistent in the environment, meaning it does not break down easily in soil or water. People are most likely exposed to PFOA by drinking contaminated water sources, and possibly by using products that contain PFOA. PFOA has been identified in bodies of water and in a variety of land and water animals. PFOA is a possible carcinogen and has been linked to testicular and kidney cancer, problems to fetuses, breastfed babies, and children including low birth weight.