The history of the Philippines is a survey of notable events and people in the history of the country. The Philippine archipelago was settled at least 30,000 years ago, and the Philippine Islands were part of a great Hindu-Malayan empire ruled from Java and Sumatra in the neighboring islands to the southwest/when-did-philippine-history-begin). The Philippines takes its name from Philip II, who was king of Spain during the Spanish colonization of the islands in the 16th century. The Spanish period in the Philippines began with the Pacific expansion of New Spain in 1565, and most of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law, and the oldest modern university in Asia. After enduring more than a decade of authoritarian rule under Pres. Ferdinand Marcos, the broadly popular People Power movement in 1986 led a bloodless uprising against the regime, resulting in the restoration of democratic government to the Philippines. The country was wracked by political turmoil in the last quarter of the 20th century. The Philippine Commonwealth was established in 1935, as a 10-year interim step prior to full independence. However, in 1942 during World War II, Japan occupied the Philippines. The U.S. military overpowered the Japanese in 1945. The Treaty of Manila in 1946 established the independent Philippine Republic.