Planting operation is the process of establishing crops by setting seeds, seedlings, bulbs, or other vegetation into the ground to ensure proper growth and establishment of crops. Cultural practices are classified into pre-planting, planting, and post-planting operations. Planting operations comprise all activities carried out during the planting process, including seed treatment, planting date, spacing, seed rate, seed depth, and planting or sowing. The activities involved during planting include seed spacing, seed in-depth, seed roots, citrium treatment dressing, and planting itself. The following are some of the key considerations in planting operations:

• Planting space/distance
• Planting time
• Planting depth
• Number of seed
• Viability of seed

Post-planting operations are the operations carried out after planting to create good conditions and proper maintenance for plant growth. These operations include thinning, supplying, irrigation, manuring, mulching, and weeding. Proper land preparation is necessary to provide the necessary soil conditions that will enhance the successful establishment of the young offshoots or the tissue. Planting can be done manually or mechanically.