Pleurisy is a condition in which the pleura, the thin layers of tissue that cover the lungs, become inflamed. The inflammation causes the pleura to rub against each other, resulting in sharp chest pain that worsens when breathing, coughing, or sneezing. Other symptoms of pleurisy may include shortness of breath, cough, and fever. Pleurisy can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, lung conditions, and trauma to the chest wall. In some cases, no cause can be identified. Treatment for pleurisy depends on the underlying cause and may include pain relief, treating the underlying condition, and draining excess fluid from the pleural space. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience chest pain, as some causes of chest pain can be life-threatening.