Political geography is a branch of geography that deals with the study of the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures. It is the study of how humans have divided up the Earths surface for management and control purposes. Political geography adopts a three-scale structure with the study of the state at the center, the study of international relations (or geopolitics) above it, and the study of localities below it. The primary concerns of the subdiscipline can be summarized as the inter-relationships between people, state, and territory.

Political geography is concerned with the interface between politics and geography and what might be seen as the geographies of power. Scholars have developed many theories of how political power has been expressed geographically as leaders and nations vie to control people, land, and resources. Political spaces exist at multiple scales, from a kid’s bedroom to the entire planet. At each location, somebody or some group seeks to establish the rules governing what happens in that space, how power is shared (or not), and who even has the right to access those spaces.

Political geography is a broad field that encompasses a wide range of topics and approaches, including comparative politics, international relations, political theory, and spatial analysis. Political geographers often use tools from other disciplines, such as economics, sociology, and anthropology, to better understand the political dynamics of different regions and countries. Political geography is closely related to other subfields of geography, such as economic geography and human geography, and it is often studied in conjunction with these fields to better understand the complex relationships between political, economic, and social processes.

Some of the topics that might be studied in political geography include:

• The distribution of power and resources within states, including issues related to governance, democracy, and territoriality.
• The role of international organizations, and the ways in which political processes and events shape and are shaped by spatial patterns.
• The influence of political power on geographical space.
• The political implications of modern media.
• How imagined geographies have political implications.
• The buffer zone concept, which covers a diversity of situations ranging in scale from demilitarized zones to parts of continents and in content.
• Defining nation-states organization and control....