Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma) of the same or a different flower of the same species. The goal of pollination is to create offspring for the next generation, and it is essential for plants to reproduce more of the same type of plant. Pollination can occur through various vectors, including wind, water, birds, insects, butterflies, bats, and other animals that visit flowers. The animals or insects that transfer pollen from plant to plant are called pollinators. There are two types of pollination:

• Self-pollination: It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This process is quite simple and fast, which leads to a reduction in genetic diversity as the sperm and egg cells of the flower share some genetic information.

• Cross-pollination: It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the flower present on two different plants. This type of pollination is more complex and requires the help of vectors such as insects, birds, or animals.

Pollination is an important process for the survival of many plant species and is also essential for the production of fruits and seeds that are used for food and other purposes.