Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is caused by an imbalance of reproductive hormones, which creates problems in the ovaries. The ovaries may not develop eggs as they should, or they may not release eggs during ovulation as they should. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to be related to genetics and insulin resistance.

Symptoms of PCOS can vary from person to person and may change over time. Some common symptoms include:

• Irregular menstrual periods
• Infertility
• Acne or oily skin
• Excessive hair growth on the face or body
• Weight gain

PCOS can also cause anxiety, depression, and a negative body image. Women with PCOS may be at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

PCOS is diagnosed by the presence of at least two out of the following: irregular periods, high levels of androgens, and cysts on the ovaries. Treatment for PCOS is often done with medication to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and manage symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise can also be helpful in managing PCOS. Early diagnosis and treatment can help lower the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.