Postpartum, also known as the postnatal period, refers to the time after childbirth during which a mother's body undergoes physical and emotional changes while recovering from pregnancy and delivery. This period typically lasts about six to eight weeks, until the body returns to its pre-pregnancy state, though some symptoms and changes may persist for months

. The postpartum period is often divided into three phases:

• Acute phase: The first 6 to 12 hours after birth, when the mother is closely monitored for complications such as postpartum bleeding and uterine contraction

• Subacute phase: Lasting about six weeks, during which most physical recovery occurs, including healing of vaginal tissue, uterine shrinkage, and the start of lactation

• Delayed phase: Extending up to six months postpartum, where slower recovery processes take place, such as resolution of urinary incontinence or pelvic floor issues, and emotional adjustments continue

During postpartum, common physical changes include vaginal soreness, vaginal discharge (lochia), breast engorgement, uterine cramping, and hormonal fluctuations. Emotional changes can range from mood swings and anxiety to postpartum depression in some cases

. Care during this time focuses on rest, nutrition, monitoring for complications, breastfeeding support, and mental health. The postpartum period is critical for both mother and newborn health, as many maternal and infant deaths occur in this timeframe, making comprehensive postpartum care essential