Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a condition that affects the autonomic nervous system, which regulates functions we dont consciously control, such as heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and body temperature. POTS is characterized by an exaggerated increase in heart rate when standing, which can cause lightheadedness, fainting, and other symptoms. The primary symptom of POTS is orthostatic intolerance (OI), which is a condition in which an excessively reduced volume of blood returns to the heart after an individual stands up from a lying down position. The faintness or lightheadedness of POTS is relieved by lying down again.

POTS can affect anyone at any age, but it mainly affects women between the ages of 15 to 50 years of age. Some women report an increase in episodes of POTS right before their menstrual periods. POTS often begins after a pregnancy, major surgery, trauma, or a viral illness. People who have certain autoimmune conditions, such as Sjogren’s syndrome, lupus, and celiac disease, are also more likely to develop POTS.

The causes of POTS are not entirely understood, and researchers recognize different characteristics in POTS, which occur in some patients more than others. These characteristics are not mutually exclusive, and a person with POTS may experience more than one of these at the same time. Some of the different types of POTS include:

• Neuropathic POTS: POTS associated with damage to the small fiber nerves (small-fiber neuropathy) that regulate the constriction of the blood vessels in the limbs and abdomen.
• Hyperadrenergic POTS: POTS associated with elevated levels of the stress hormone norepinephrine.
• Hypovolemic POTS: POTS associated with low blood volume.

There is no cure for POTS, but healthcare providers use several strategies to manage the symptoms of POTS. Treatment is highly individualized based on the patients symptoms and what works best for them. The main forms of treatment include exercise and physical activity, diet and nutrition, and medical compression stockings. A specialist may also suggest making changes to the patients lifestyle, such as eating and dri...