Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized primarily by new-onset high blood pressure and signs of organ damage, most commonly kidney damage indicated by protein in the urine (proteinuria). It typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy, often in the second half or third trimester, and can also occur shortly after delivery (postpartum preeclampsia)

. The condition involves persistent hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) along with other symptoms such as swelling of the hands, face, or around the eyes, sudden weight gain, headaches, vision changes, abdominal pain, and decreased urine output. Severe preeclampsia can lead to complications including liver and kidney damage, seizures (eclampsia), stroke, and can be life-threatening to both mother and baby

. The exact cause of preeclampsia is unknown but is believed to originate in the placenta, involving abnormal placental blood vessel development and maternal endothelial dysfunction. Risk factors include first pregnancy, previous preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, obesity, older maternal age, certain autoimmune disorders, and chronic conditions like hypertension or kidney disease

. Treatment focuses on careful monitoring and managing blood pressure, with early delivery often recommended depending on severity and gestational age, as the only definitive cure is giving birth

. In summary, preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder with potential multi-organ impact that requires timely diagnosis and management to prevent serious maternal and fetal complications.