Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein, and the sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function. Proteins can be described according to their large range of functions in the body, including:

• Antibodies: These bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body.
• Enzymes: These carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA.
• Messenger proteins: These transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs.
• Structural components: These provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move.
• Transport/storage: These bind and carry atoms and small molecules within the body.

Proteins are present in every single cell of the human body and make up approximately 20% of the body. They are crucial for the nourishment, renewal, and continuance of life. The human body utilizes over 100,000 kinds of proteins, and in the entire natural world, the number could reach 10 billion.