PSA stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen, which is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland in men. It is also produced in small amounts by paraurethral glands in women but is primarily associated with the prostate

. The PSA test is a blood test that measures the level of PSA in the blood. It is primarily used to:

• Screen for prostate cancer in men who do not have symptoms
• Monitor the progression of prostate cancer in men already diagnosed
• Investigate prostate-related symptoms such as painful urination, blood in urine or semen, and pelvic or back pain

PSA is normally present in small amounts in the blood, but elevated levels can indicate prostate cancer or other prostate conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis. However, elevated PSA levels are not exclusive to cancer and can be affected by factors like recent ejaculation, vigorous exercise, infections, prostate biopsy, or digital rectal examination

. The PSA test is not recommended for routine screening in the general population without symptoms due to potential risks and benefits, and it is advised to discuss with a healthcare provider before deciding on testing

. In summary, PSA is a protein linked to the prostate gland, and the PSA test is a blood test used mainly to help detect prostate cancer and other prostate- related issues by measuring PSA levels in the blood