Psychoanalytic theory is a theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development relating to the practice of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. The theory assumes that resistance and defense mechanisms prevent unconscious, unpleasant thoughts and feelings from becoming conscious. Psychoanalysis is defined as a therapeutic method for treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the patients mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind, using techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.

Some key features of psychoanalytic theory include:

• Transference: This is the process by which a patient transfers feelings and attitudes from a significant person in their past onto the therapist.

• Unconscious mind: Psychoanalytic theory focuses on deciphering how the unconscious mind governs conscious processes in ways that interfere with healthy psychological functioning.

• Catharsis: This is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions.

Psychoanalytic theory has undergone many refinements since its inception by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century. However, some criticisms of the theory include that it is lacking in empirical data and too focused on pathology, and that it lacks consideration of culture and its influence on personality.