Quantization refers to the process of mapping input values from a large set to output values in a smaller set, often with a countable number of values). The term is used in various fields of physics and mathematics, and its meaning can differ depending on the context. Here are some examples:

• Quantization of electric charge: According to charge quantization, any charged particle can have a charge equal to some integral number of e, where e is the elementary charge.

• Quantization in quantum mechanics: Canonical quantization is a method of developing quantum mechanics from classical mechanics. It involves introducing a commutation relation among canonical coordinates and converting coordinates to operators, through combinations of creation and annihilation operators. The operators act on quantum states of the theory, and the lowest energy state is called the vacuum state).

• Quantization in signal processing: Quantization is the process of mapping input values from a large set to output values in a smaller set, often with a countable number of values. The difference between an input value and its quantized value is referred to as quantization error. A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called a quantizer).

• Quantization of energy: In quantum mechanics, energy is quantized, meaning that only certain energies are allowed. This is due to the fact that energy is carried in discrete packets called quanta, which have a minimum energy value. This idea became the basis for the modern understanding of atomic structure.

In summary, quantization refers to the process of mapping input values to output values in a smaller set, often with a countable number of values. The meaning of the term can differ depending on the context, such as in electric charge, quantum mechanics, signal processing, or energy.