Root canal surgery, also known as endodontic treatment, is a dental procedure used to remove infected or inflamed pulp from the inside of a tooth. The procedure involves the following steps:

• Anesthesia: Before the procedure, the patient is given local anesthesia to numb the area around the tooth that needs treatment.

• Pulp removal: The endodontist or dentist makes an opening in the tooth and removes the infected or inflamed pulp from the root canal.

• Cleaning and shaping: The root canal is then cleaned and shaped to prepare it for filling.

• Filling: The root canal is filled with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha, which seals the canal and prevents further infection.

• Restoration: After the root canal procedure, the tooth is restored with a filling or crown to protect it and restore its function.

Root canal surgery is usually done in one to two appointments, and each appointment lasts about 90 minutes. The procedure is relatively painless and can save a tooth that might otherwise have to be removed completely. It is a common procedure that millions of people undergo each year to relieve pain and make teeth healthy again.