Sanatana Dharma is a Sanskrit term that can be translated as "eternal religion" or "eternal law". It is an alternative name for Hinduism used in Sanskrit and other Indian languages alongside the more common Hindu Dharma. Sanatana Dharma refers to the "eternal" or absolute set of duties or religiously ordained practices incumbent upon all Hindus, regardless of class, caste, or sect. These duties include virtues such as honesty, purity, goodwill, mercy, patience, forbearance, self-restraint, generosity, and asceticism. Sanatana Dharma is contrasted with svadharma, which refers to ones "own duty" or the particular duties enjoined upon an individual according to their class or caste and stage of life.

The term Sanatana Dharma has been used to signify Hinduism as a religion, distinct from other religions, and has become a synonym for the "eternal" truth and teachings of Hinduism. It is used to evoke a certain homogeneity in Hinduism, without specifying how exactly that homogeneity is constituted. The concept of Sanatana Dharma is rooted in classical Sanskrit literature, such as the Manusmrti and the Bhagavata Purana. The term was revived during the Hindu revivalism movement in the late 19th century as a name for Hinduism as a religion in order to avoid having to use the term "Hindu," which is of non-native Persian origin. Today, Sanatana Dharma is associated only with Hinduism.