Sawm is the Arabic term used to describe the act of fasting in Islam. It is the fourth pillar of Islam and Muslims are required to fast during the month of Ramadan, which is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. During this month, Muslims abstain from food, drink, smoking, and sexual activity from dawn until dusk. The purpose of the fast is to practice self-restraint, piety, and generosity. Muslims who are physically or mentally unwell may be excused from fasting, as well as those who are under twelve years old, the very old, those who are pregnant, breast-feeding, menstruating, or traveling. If an adult does not fast for the reasons above, they should try to make up the fast at a later date or make a donation to the poor instead.

Fasting during Ramadan is not only about abstaining from physical things, but also about avoiding evil thoughts and deeds as well. Muslims are expected to do their best to be more benevolent to fellow creatures and charity to the poor and needy in this month is one of the most rewardable worships. During Ramadan, many Muslims will try to eat a large meal called suhur just before dawn, and when daylight is over, most Muslims will break or open the fast with dates or water, following the example of the Prophet Muhammad, before having a proper meal later. The evening meals during Ramadan are occasions for family and community.