Scaling is a process used in computer graphics to modify or change the size of objects. It involves altering the coordinate points of the original object using scaling factors. There are two scaling factors: Sx in the x-direction and Sy in the y-direction. If the original position of the object is (x, y), and the scaling factors are Sx and Sy, then the new coordinates after scaling will be (x1, y1).

The rules for scaling in computer graphics are as follows:

• Scaling is performed about the origin.
• If the scale factor is greater than 1, the object will be enlarged and moved away from the origin.
• If the scale factor is equal to 1, the object will remain the same.
• If the scale factor is less than 1, the object will be reduced and moved towards its origin.

If Sx and Sy are equal, it is called uniform scaling, while if they are not equal, it is called differential scaling. In the case of differential scaling, the picture may be elongated or distorted.

The equation for scaling in computer graphics is as follows:

• Let (X, Y) be the original coordinate before scaling, and Sx and Sy be the scaling factors in the x- and y-directions, respectively.
• The new coordinate (X, Y) after scaling is given by the equation: X = Sx * X and Y = Sy * Y.

Scaling can be used to increase or decrease the size of an object. It is a type of transformation that can be used to zoom in or out of a particular object or shape.