Self-plagiarism is the act of reusing work that you have already submitted for a class or published. It is also known as "duplicate plagiarism" and involves recycling or reusing ones own specific words from previously published texts. Self-plagiarism can take different forms, including:

• Submitting an assignment from a previous academic year to a current class.
• Republishing the same paper that is published elsewhere without notifying the reader or publisher of the journal.
• Reusing portions of a previously written text while authoring a new work.

Self-plagiarism is considered a form of academic dishonesty and can have the same consequences as other forms of plagiarism. It misleads readers by presenting previous work as completely new and original, and it can involve copyright infringement if you reuse published work. The most practical reason to avoid self-plagiarism is to save time while trying to get published, but it can also create issues in the scholarly publishing world. To avoid self-plagiarism, it is best practice to cite your previous work thoroughly, even if you are simply revisiting an old idea or a previously published observation.