Sex determination is the process by which the sex of an individual is determined. In humans, the sex of a baby is determined by the type of male gamete that fuses with the female gamete during fertilization. The human male produces two different types of gametes, X and Y, while the human female produces only one type of gamete containing X chromosomes. If the fertilizing sperm contains X chromosome, then the baby produced will be a girl, and if the fertilizing sperm contains Y chromosome, then the baby produced will be a boy. Therefore, it is a matter of chance that determines the sex of a baby.

In humans, the sex of an individual is genetically determined, and the genes inherited from their parents decide the sex of the child. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which 22 pairs are Autosomes, and only one pair is the ‘Sex Chromosome,’ which actively takes part in the process of sex determination. Both males and females carry two sets of sex chromosomes, and the male has one X and one Y (XY) sex chromosome in which both are active, while the female has both X (XX) sex chromosome in which one is active. The XY sex-determination system is found in humans, mammals, in some insects, and in few plant species.

In summary, sex determination is the process by which the sex of an individual is determined. In humans, the sex of a baby is determined by the type of male gamete that fuses with the female gamete during fertilization. The sex of an individual is genetically determined, and the genes inherited from their parents decide the sex of the child.