Social control theory is a criminological theory that proposes that socialization and social learning build self-control and reduce the inclination to indulge in behavior recognized as antisocial. The theory suggests that peoples relationships, commitments, values, norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law. Thus, if moral codes are internalized and individuals are tied into and have a stake in their wider community, they will voluntarily limit their propensity to commit deviant acts. The theory seeks to understand the ways in which it is possible to reduce the likelihood of criminality developing in individuals.

Key features of social control theory include:

• Social bonds: When an individuals bonds to society are strong, they prevent or limit crime and other deviant behavior. When bonds are weak, they increase the probability of deviance.

• Attachment: The need for belonging and attachment to others is fundamental, influencing many behavioral, emotional, and cognitive processes. Numerous studies highlight the association between attachments and positive youth outcomes.

• External bonds: Social control theory only considers external bonds, such as bonds with social institutions or family. It fails to consider factors like autonomy, impulsiveness, or personal choices.

Social control plays a crucial role in providing a more productive and harmonious community. It contributes to the growth of an individual and the progression of the community. For instance, places with higher crime rates are more likely to be the place where poverty, mobility, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity are most susceptible. The presence of these factors determines the level of social control within a community, particularly when it comes to the placement of infrastructure.

Social control theory has been one of the most tested theories in criminology, though overall the results have been mixed. The evidence suggests that weak social bonds are related to an increase in offending, but the strength of this relationship varies from low to moderate, suggesting that other variables need to be taken into account.