Social solidarity is a concept in sociology that emphasizes the interdependence between individuals in a society, which allows individuals to feel that they can enhance the lives of others. It is the idea of a well-integrated functioning society where all members have been socialized into its shared norms and values. Émile Durkheim, a French sociologist, formulated the two types of social solidarity: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is found in traditional and small-scale societies where cohesion and integration come from the homogeneity of individuals, such as kinship ties of familial networks. Organic solidarity, on the other hand, is a social cohesion based upon the interdependence that arises between people from the specialization of work and complementarianism as a result of more advanced societies. Social solidarity is maintained in more complex societies through the interdependence of its component parts. Trust, reciprocity, and altruism are concepts closely related to social solidarity, and they are instituted as individual acts that contribute to enhancing social solidarity and collective action.