A spending bill is a type of legislation in the United States that appropriates federal funds to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs). The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year, which runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year). There are twelve different ordinary appropriations bills that need to be passed each year (one for each appropriations sub-committee) to fund the federal government and avoid a government shutdown. An omnibus spending bill is a type of bill that packages many of the smaller ordinary appropriations bills into one larger single bill that can be passed with only one vote in each house of Congress. The omnibus negotiating process takes place later in the year and involves reconciling differences in the various bills so that an identical, combined appropriations bill can pass both chambers and avert a government shutdown.

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, is an example of an omnibus spending bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden on December 15, 2022. It provides $1.7 trillion in federal government spending for fiscal year 2023, which includes $772.5 billion for nondefense discretionary programs and $858 billion in defense funding. The bill also includes funding for various programs, such as the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. The bill is the product of lengthy negotiations between top congressional Democrats and Republicans.