Supercomputing is a form of high-performance computing that involves using a powerful computer, a supercomputer, to perform complex and data-intensive tasks. Supercomputers are designed to have a high level of performance compared to general-purpose computers, and their performance is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS) . They are made up of interconnects, I/O systems, memory, and processor cores, and they use more than one central processing unit (CPU) grouped into compute nodes. Supercomputers can contain tens of thousands of nodes that use parallel processing to communicate with one another to solve problems.

Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling, and physical simulations. They enable problem-solving and data analysis that would be impossible, too time-consuming, or costly with standard computers. Supercomputing is used for real-time applications because information moves quickly between processors in a supercomputer.

Supercomputers are often used to solve extremely complex challenges that involve huge datasets and billions or even trillions of calculations. They are frequently used in the fields of scientific computing to perform various types of calculations such as predicting weather and climate change, testing the strength of encryption methods, and modeling everything from the human brain to the spread of the Corona virus.