Sustainable development is an approach to economic development that aims to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It recognizes the interdependence between economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection. The following are some key features of sustainable development:

• Environmental protection: Sustainable development aims to minimize the impact on the environment and optimize resources to satisfy human needs.

• Economic viability: There should be an uninterrupted rise in real per capita income and economic welfare on a long-term basis.

• Social equity: Sustainable development aims to improve the standard of living of people in such a way that the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is not minimized.

Sustainable development can be facilitated through five guiding principles, namely living within environmental limits, ensuring a strong, healthy and just society, achieving a sustainable economy, and promoting good governance and information as a social responsibility. Education for sustainable development (ESD) is also an important aspect of sustainable development, which involves integrating key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning and motivating and empowering learners to change their behaviors and take action for sustainable development.