The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. The Fourth Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. It sets requirements for issuing warrants, which must be issued upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of property by the government and protects the American people from such actions. The amendment is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law. The extent to which an individual is protected by the Fourth Amendment depends, in part, on the location of the search or seizure. For example, searches and seizures inside a home without a warrant are presumptively unreasonable. However, there are some exceptions, such as when an officer is given consent to search. The Fourth Amendment finds its origin in English legal doctrine and its protection consists of requiring that inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime.