The Seventh Amendment is a part of the Bill of Rights that was added to the U.S. Constitution on December 15, 1791. It guarantees the right to a trial by jury in federal civil cases where the value in controversy exceeds twenty dollars. The amendment has two clauses: the Preservation Clause and the Re-examination Clause. The Preservation Clause states that "In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved". The Re-examination Clause declares that "no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined ... in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law".

The Seventh Amendment extends the right to a jury trial to federal civil cases such as car accidents, disputes between corporations for breach of contract, or most discrimination or employment disputes. However, it only guarantees the right to a jury trial in federal court, not in state court. Although the Seventh Amendment itself says that it is limited to "suits at common law," meaning cases that triggered the right to a jury under English law, the amendment has been found to apply in lawsuits that are similar to the old common law cases.

The Seventh Amendment is based on Americas English roots, and much of the legal system in the United States, especially the provisions of the Bill of Rights, are based on the English legal system. The right to a civil jury trial was considered so important that it was guaranteed in the federal and state constitutions. The Seventh Amendment was drafted by James Madison, who feared that a second constitutional convention might be called if a right to civil jury trial were not included in a federal Bill of Rights.