The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It features 14 digital input/output pins (6 of which can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button

. It is designed to be easy to use for electronics and coding beginners, providing everything needed to support the microcontroller. The board can be powered via USB or an external power supply (7 to 20 volts recommended). It is programmable through the Arduino IDE using a USB cable, allowing users to upload code without needing an external programmer, thanks to a preloaded bootloader on the ATmega328P

. The Arduino Uno is widely used for various electronic projects, capable of interfacing with sensors, motors, LEDs, and other components. It supports serial communication via TX/RX pins and SPI communication through dedicated pins. The board operates at 5V and includes onboard voltage regulation to manage input power

. "Uno" means "one" in Italian, marking it as the first in a series of USB- based Arduino boards and the reference model for the Arduino platform. It is popular among hobbyists and professionals due to its robustness, ease of use, and extensive documentation and community support