The ATF, or Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, is a federal law enforcement agency within the United States Department of Justice. Its primary responsibilities include enforcing federal criminal laws and regulations related to firearms, explosives, arson, alcohol, and tobacco products

. Specifically, the ATF:

• Investigates and prevents federal offenses involving the illegal use, manufacture, and possession of firearms and explosives.
• Regulates the firearms and explosives industries through licensing and oversight of commerce.
• Investigates acts of arson, bombings, terrorism, and illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products.
• Partners with other law enforcement agencies and communities to reduce violent crime and ensure public safety

The agency was established in its current form in 1972 and has a history dating back to the late 19th century when it was part of the Treasury Department. It operates specialized facilities such as a fire research laboratory to assist in criminal investigations

. With a workforce of about 5,200 employees and a budget around $1.6 billion (FY 2023), the ATF is the only federal agency dedicated specifically to stopping gun crime and regulating the firearms industry, while also handling alcohol, tobacco, explosives, and arson-related crimes

. In summary, the ATF is the federal agency tasked with enforcing laws and regulations concerning alcohol, tobacco, firearms, explosives, and related criminal activities to protect public safety in the U.S.