The Australian referendum is a process by which the Australian Constitution can be altered with the approval of the people. The most recent referendum was held on October 14, 2023, and was called the Australian Indigenous Voice referendum. The referendum proposed an alteration to the Constitution to recognize the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice. The proposed Voice would have been able to "make representations to the Parliament and the Executive Government of the Commonwealth on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples". The referendum was unsuccessful, with a majority "no" vote nationally and in all states, except for the Australian Capital Territory, which had a majority of "yes" votes.

Referendums are difficult to pass in Australia, with only eight of 44 referendums succeeding since the countrys founding in 1901. Constitutional change requires a majority of votes both nationwide and in at least four of the six states. The Australian Electoral Commission oversees the referendum process, and it is compulsory by law for all eligible Australian citizens aged 18 and older to enroll and vote in referendums and federal elections.