The earliest remedy for a wrong act in primitive society was retaliation, also known as Lex Talionis or the law of retaliation. This concept involved personal vengeance where the victim's family or tribe would retaliate against the offender's family or tribe, often resulting in "blood feuds." It was based on the principle of "an eye for an eye" or "tooth for a tooth," aiming to restore balance rather than impose punishment in a modern legal sense

. This form of remedy was characteristic of primitive legal systems, which were largely unwritten and custom-based, emphasizing reparation over punishment and collective responsibility rather than individual liability

. Such retaliation was a direct and immediate response to a wrong act, reflecting the social and kinship ties central to early human communities. In summary, retaliation was the primary and earliest form of remedy for wrongs in primitive societies, functioning as a mechanism to address harm through reciprocal action between groups or families.