Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in controlling glucose levels in our bodies. The main function of insulin is to allow glucose to enter cells to be used as energy and to maintain the amount of glucose found in the bloodstream within normal levels. Here are some of the key functions of insulin in our body:

• Regulating glucose levels: Insulin controls how the body uses carbohydrates found in certain types of food. Carbohydrates are broken down by the human body to produce glucose, which is the main energy source used by cells. Insulin allows cells in the muscles, liver, and fat to take up glucose and use it as a source of energy so they can function properly.

• Storing glucose: Extra glucose that is not used by the cells will be converted and stored as fat so it can be used to provide energy when glucose levels are too low.

• Regulating blood glucose levels: The release of insulin is tightly regulated in healthy people to balance food intake and the metabolic needs of the body. This is a complex process, and other hormones found in the gut and pancreas also contribute to this blood glucose regulation.

Insulin also has many other effects on the body. For example, it aids bone formation and attenuates osteoporosis-related inflammation, acts on the central nervous system, and performs pro- and anti-atherogenic functions in the vascular system. Insulin works in tandem with glucagon, another hormone produced by the pancreas. While insulins role is to lower blood sugar levels if needed, glucagons role is to raise blood sugar levels if they fall too low.