The primary function of stomata in plants is to regulate gas exchange and water balance. Specifically, stomata allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter the leaf, which is essential for photosynthesis to produce glucose, the plant's food. At the same time, oxygen (O2), a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits through these pores. Stomata also enable the release of water vapor from the plant via transpiration, which helps in cooling the plant and nutrient transport but also results in water loss. The opening and closing of stomata, controlled by specialized guard cells, balance the need for CO2 intake with the conservation of water, especially under varying environmental conditions such as light, humidity, and drought. At night or in dry conditions, stomata close to reduce water loss