The corpus callosum is a large white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. It is the largest connective pathway in the brain, made up of more than 200 million nerve fibers. The primary function of the corpus callosum is to integrate and transfer information from both cerebral hemispheres to process sensory, motor, and high-level cognitive signals. The different parts of the corpus callosum connect similar areas of each hemisphere, such as the rostrum and genu connecting the frontal lobes of the left and right hemisphere, and the body and the splenium connecting the temporal lobes of the hemispheres.

The corpus callosum is vital for physical coordination and processing complex information that requires both sides of the brain to work together. If the corpus callosum is severed, the brain’s hemispheres are not able to communicate properly, and the loss of a range of functions can occur, such as changes to visual perception, speech, and memory. Surgical severing of the corpus callosum is a last-resort method for untreatable epilepsy, to stop seizures spreading across the brain.

In summary, the corpus callosum serves as a bridge to connect neurons between the two cerebral hemispheres in order to accomplish higher-order neurological functions. It is responsible for integrating and transferring information from both cerebral hemispheres to process sensory, motor, and high-level cognitive signals.